本教程使用的单片机为stm32f103c8t6

简单介绍

stm32系列单片机
有68个可屏蔽中断通道，包含EXTI、TIM、ADC、USART、SPI、I2C、RTC等多个外设
这种中断源统一由NVIC统一来进行管理。
为什么要NVIC进行管理，因为NVIC可以有中断优先级。

NVIC介绍

NVIC里面分为抢占优先级和响应优先级

分组方式 抢占优先级 响应优先级
分组0 0位，取值为0 4位，取值为0~15
分组1 1位，取值为0~1 3位，取值为0~7
分组2 2位，取值为0~3 2位，取值为0~3
分组3 3位，取值为0~7 1位，取值为0~1
分组4 4位，取值为0~15 0位，取值为0

抢占优先级相当是十位数
响应优先级相当是个位数

比如
中断 A：抢占优先级 0，响应优先级 0；
中断 B：抢占优先级 1，响应优先级 0
中断 C：抢占优先级 1，响应优先级 1

A和B触发，那么A会停止，等B完成了A才会继续触发
当然A和C也是同理
但是B和C同时触发
C会运行，但是B不会运行。
仅抢占优先级不同时，才会发生中断嵌套
响应优先级仅影响同抢占优先级中断的响应顺序，无嵌套关系。

EXTI介绍

EXTI（Extern Interrupt）外部中断

EXTI可以监测指定GPIO口的电平信号，当其指定的GPIO口产生电平变化时，EXTI将立即向NVIC发出中断申请，经过NVIC裁决后即可中断CPU主程序，使CPU执行EXTI对应的中断程序

支持的触发方式：上升沿/下降沿/双边沿/软件触发

支持的GPIO口：所有GPIO口，但相同的Pin不能同时触发中断

通道数：16个GPIO_Pin，外加PVD输出、RTC闹钟、USB唤醒、以太网唤醒

触发响应方式：中断响应/事件响应

因为我们希望的是使用GPIO来触发所以要用EXTI

然后关于EXTI的设计
我们都知道GPIO的设计是分成A组，B组，C组。然后再划分引脚号
但是EXTI反人类的是，他不是安装A组，B组设计的。

我们可以看到图片，他是引脚号为组，里面再划分A，B，C，D等
这很重要，下面要考的。

代码函数

我们如果要使用stm32的中断，我们按照下面的步骤

1、打开RCC
2、配置GPIO
3、配置EXTI
4、配置NVIC
5、中断函数

1和2请看

STM32标准库GPIO

这里不再赘述

配置EXTI

GPIO映射到EXTI

1
void GPIO_EXTILineConfig(uint8_t GPIO_PortSource, uint8_t GPIO_PinSource);
参数 数据类型 作用 选项
uint8_t GPIO_PortSource uint8_t GPIO 端口源 GPIO_PortSourceGPIOA
GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB
GPIO_PortSourceGPIOC
uint8_t GPIO_PinSource uint8_t 选择 引脚编号源 GPIO_PinSource0 ~ GPIO_PinSource15
返回值 无 无 无

把引脚映射到EXTI上

初始化EXTI

1
void EXTI_Init(EXTI_InitTypeDef* EXTI_InitStruct)
参数 数据类型 作用 选项
EXTI_InitTypeDef* EXTI_InitStruct 结构体 初始化EXTI —
返回值 无 无 无

结构体内部参数：

EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure; 定义结构体

名称 参数 作用
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line EXTI_Line0 //对应所有GPIO的Pin0
EXTI_Line1 //对应所有GPIO的Pin1
…
EXTI_Line14 //对应所有GPIO的Pin14
EXTI_Line15 //对应所有GPIO的Pin15		 选择外部中断线
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd ENABLE/DISABLE 使能/关闭中断线
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode EXTI_Mode_Interrupt 中断模式
EXTI_Mode_Event 事件模式		 选择中断模式
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger EXTI_Trigger_Rising 上升沿触发
EXTI_Trigger_Falling 下降沿触发
EXTI_Trigger_Rising_Falling 双边沿触发		 触发模式

关于事件模式：
中断模式：引脚触发 → 产生中断请求 → CPU 暂停主程序 → 执行中断服务函数
按键触发控制
传感器电平变化
所有需要执行代码逻辑的场景
事件模式：引脚触发 → 产生硬件事件信号 → 不进入中断函数
低功耗休眠唤醒 仅用于硬件触发（如唤醒 CPU、触发 DMA）
硬件事件联动（不常用）不占用CPU，不执行代码。

配置NVIC

NVIC的组设置

1
void NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(uint32_t NVIC_PriorityGroup)
参数 数据类型 作用 选项
uint32_t NVIC_PriorityGroup uint32_t 中断优先级分组（看下方） NVIC_PriorityGroup_0
NVIC_PriorityGroup_1
NVIC_PriorityGroup_2
NVIC_PriorityGroup_3
NVIC_PriorityGroup_4
返回值 无 无 无

中断优先级分组的作用就是决定抢占优先级和响应优先级的数量

优先级分组 抢占优先级位数 响应优先级位数 取值范围
Group_0 0 位 4 位 抢占：0
响：0-15
Group_1 1 位 3 位 抢占：0-1
响：0-7
Group_2 2 位 2 位 抢占：0-3
响：0-3
Group_3 3 位 1 位 抢占：0-7
响：0-1
Group_4 4 位 0 位 抢占：0-15
响：0

NVIC初始化

1
void NVIC_Init(NVIC_InitTypeDef* NVIC_InitStruct)
参数 数据类型 作用 选项
NVIC_InitTypeDef* NVIC_InitStruct 结构体 初始化NVIC —
返回值 无 无 无

NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure 定义结构体

名称 参数 作用
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel EXTI0_IRQHandler
EXTI1_IRQHandler
EXTI2_IRQHandler
EXTI3_IRQHandler
EXTI4_IRQHandler
EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
 选择中断通道
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd ENABLE/DISABLE 使能/关闭NVIC
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority 直接填数字0,1,2等，
具体最大多少看上方优先级分组		 抢占优先级
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority 直接填数字0,1,2等，
具体最大多少看上方优先级分组		 响应优先级

中断线

官方完整的查询中断线

typedef enum IRQn
{
/****** Cortex-M3 Processor Exceptions Numbers ***************************************************/
NonMaskableInt_IRQn = -14, /*!< 2 Non Maskable Interrupt */
MemoryManagement_IRQn = -12, /*!< 4 Cortex-M3 Memory Management Interrupt */
BusFault_IRQn = -11, /*!< 5 Cortex-M3 Bus Fault Interrupt */
UsageFault_IRQn = -10, /*!< 6 Cortex-M3 Usage Fault Interrupt */
SVCall_IRQn = -5, /*!< 11 Cortex-M3 SV Call Interrupt */
DebugMonitor_IRQn = -4, /*!< 12 Cortex-M3 Debug Monitor Interrupt */
PendSV_IRQn = -2, /*!< 14 Cortex-M3 Pend SV Interrupt */
SysTick_IRQn = -1, /*!< 15 Cortex-M3 System Tick Interrupt */

/****** STM32 specific Interrupt Numbers *********************************************************/
WWDG_IRQn = 0, /*!< Window WatchDog Interrupt */
PVD_IRQn = 1, /*!< PVD through EXTI Line detection Interrupt */
TAMPER_IRQn = 2, /*!< Tamper Interrupt */
RTC_IRQn = 3, /*!< RTC global Interrupt */
FLASH_IRQn = 4, /*!< FLASH global Interrupt */
RCC_IRQn = 5, /*!< RCC global Interrupt */
EXTI0_IRQn = 6, /*!< EXTI Line0 Interrupt */
EXTI1_IRQn = 7, /*!< EXTI Line1 Interrupt */
EXTI2_IRQn = 8, /*!< EXTI Line2 Interrupt */
EXTI3_IRQn = 9, /*!< EXTI Line3 Interrupt */
EXTI4_IRQn = 10, /*!< EXTI Line4 Interrupt */
DMA1_Channel1_IRQn = 11, /*!< DMA1 Channel 1 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Channel2_IRQn = 12, /*!< DMA1 Channel 2 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Channel3_IRQn = 13, /*!< DMA1 Channel 3 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Channel4_IRQn = 14, /*!< DMA1 Channel 4 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Channel5_IRQn = 15, /*!< DMA1 Channel 5 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Channel6_IRQn = 16, /*!< DMA1 Channel 6 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Channel7_IRQn = 17, /*!< DMA1 Channel 7 global Interrupt */

#ifdef STM32F10X_LD
ADC1_2_IRQn = 18, /*!< ADC1 and ADC2 global Interrupt */
USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQn = 19, /*!< USB Device High Priority or CAN1 TX Interrupts */
USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQn = 20, /*!< USB Device Low Priority or CAN1 RX0 Interrupts */
CAN1_RX1_IRQn = 21, /*!< CAN1 RX1 Interrupt */
CAN1_SCE_IRQn = 22, /*!< CAN1 SCE Interrupt */
EXTI9_5_IRQn = 23, /*!< External Line[9:5] Interrupts */
TIM1_BRK_IRQn = 24, /*!< TIM1 Break Interrupt */
TIM1_UP_IRQn = 25, /*!< TIM1 Update Interrupt */
TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQn = 26, /*!< TIM1 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt */
TIM1_CC_IRQn = 27, /*!< TIM1 Capture Compare Interrupt */
TIM2_IRQn = 28, /*!< TIM2 global Interrupt */
TIM3_IRQn = 29, /*!< TIM3 global Interrupt */
I2C1_EV_IRQn = 31, /*!< I2C1 Event Interrupt */
I2C1_ER_IRQn = 32, /*!< I2C1 Error Interrupt */
SPI1_IRQn = 35, /*!< SPI1 global Interrupt */
USART1_IRQn = 37, /*!< USART1 global Interrupt */
USART2_IRQn = 38, /*!< USART2 global Interrupt */
EXTI15_10_IRQn = 40, /*!< External Line[15:10] Interrupts */
RTCAlarm_IRQn = 41, /*!< RTC Alarm through EXTI Line Interrupt */
USBWakeUp_IRQn = 42 /*!< USB Device WakeUp from suspend through EXTI Line Interrupt */
#endif /* STM32F10X_LD */

#ifdef STM32F10X_LD_VL
ADC1_IRQn = 18, /*!< ADC1 global Interrupt */
EXTI9_5_IRQn = 23, /*!< External Line[9:5] Interrupts */
TIM1_BRK_TIM15_IRQn = 24, /*!< TIM1 Break and TIM15 Interrupts */
TIM1_UP_TIM16_IRQn = 25, /*!< TIM1 Update and TIM16 Interrupts */
TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM17_IRQn = 26, /*!< TIM1 Trigger and Commutation and TIM17 Interrupt */
TIM1_CC_IRQn = 27, /*!< TIM1 Capture Compare Interrupt */
TIM2_IRQn = 28, /*!< TIM2 global Interrupt */
TIM3_IRQn = 29, /*!< TIM3 global Interrupt */
I2C1_EV_IRQn = 31, /*!< I2C1 Event Interrupt */
I2C1_ER_IRQn = 32, /*!< I2C1 Error Interrupt */
SPI1_IRQn = 35, /*!< SPI1 global Interrupt */
USART1_IRQn = 37, /*!< USART1 global Interrupt */
USART2_IRQn = 38, /*!< USART2 global Interrupt */
EXTI15_10_IRQn = 40, /*!< External Line[15:10] Interrupts */
RTCAlarm_IRQn = 41, /*!< RTC Alarm through EXTI Line Interrupt */
CEC_IRQn = 42, /*!< HDMI-CEC Interrupt */
TIM6_DAC_IRQn = 54, /*!< TIM6 and DAC underrun Interrupt */
TIM7_IRQn = 55 /*!< TIM7 Interrupt */
#endif /* STM32F10X_LD_VL */

#ifdef STM32F10X_MD
ADC1_2_IRQn = 18, /*!< ADC1 and ADC2 global Interrupt */
USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQn = 19, /*!< USB Device High Priority or CAN1 TX Interrupts */
USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQn = 20, /*!< USB Device Low Priority or CAN1 RX0 Interrupts */
CAN1_RX1_IRQn = 21, /*!< CAN1 RX1 Interrupt */
CAN1_SCE_IRQn = 22, /*!< CAN1 SCE Interrupt */
EXTI9_5_IRQn = 23, /*!< External Line[9:5] Interrupts */
TIM1_BRK_IRQn = 24, /*!< TIM1 Break Interrupt */
TIM1_UP_IRQn = 25, /*!< TIM1 Update Interrupt */
TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQn = 26, /*!< TIM1 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt */
TIM1_CC_IRQn = 27, /*!< TIM1 Capture Compare Interrupt */
TIM2_IRQn = 28, /*!< TIM2 global Interrupt */
TIM3_IRQn = 29, /*!< TIM3 global Interrupt */
TIM4_IRQn = 30, /*!< TIM4 global Interrupt */
I2C1_EV_IRQn = 31, /*!< I2C1 Event Interrupt */
I2C1_ER_IRQn = 32, /*!< I2C1 Error Interrupt */
I2C2_EV_IRQn = 33, /*!< I2C2 Event Interrupt */
I2C2_ER_IRQn = 34, /*!< I2C2 Error Interrupt */
SPI1_IRQn = 35, /*!< SPI1 global Interrupt */
SPI2_IRQn = 36, /*!< SPI2 global Interrupt */
USART1_IRQn = 37, /*!< USART1 global Interrupt */
USART2_IRQn = 38, /*!< USART2 global Interrupt */
USART3_IRQn = 39, /*!< USART3 global Interrupt */
EXTI15_10_IRQn = 40, /*!< External Line[15:10] Interrupts */
RTCAlarm_IRQn = 41, /*!< RTC Alarm through EXTI Line Interrupt */
USBWakeUp_IRQn = 42 /*!< USB Device WakeUp from suspend through EXTI Line Interrupt */
#endif /* STM32F10X_MD */

#ifdef STM32F10X_MD_VL
ADC1_IRQn = 18, /*!< ADC1 global Interrupt */
EXTI9_5_IRQn = 23, /*!< External Line[9:5] Interrupts */
TIM1_BRK_TIM15_IRQn = 24, /*!< TIM1 Break and TIM15 Interrupts */
TIM1_UP_TIM16_IRQn = 25, /*!< TIM1 Update and TIM16 Interrupts */
TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM17_IRQn = 26, /*!< TIM1 Trigger and Commutation and TIM17 Interrupt */
TIM1_CC_IRQn = 27, /*!< TIM1 Capture Compare Interrupt */
TIM2_IRQn = 28, /*!< TIM2 global Interrupt */
TIM3_IRQn = 29, /*!< TIM3 global Interrupt */
TIM4_IRQn = 30, /*!< TIM4 global Interrupt */
I2C1_EV_IRQn = 31, /*!< I2C1 Event Interrupt */
I2C1_ER_IRQn = 32, /*!< I2C1 Error Interrupt */
I2C2_EV_IRQn = 33, /*!< I2C2 Event Interrupt */
I2C2_ER_IRQn = 34, /*!< I2C2 Error Interrupt */
SPI1_IRQn = 35, /*!< SPI1 global Interrupt */
SPI2_IRQn = 36, /*!< SPI2 global Interrupt */
USART1_IRQn = 37, /*!< USART1 global Interrupt */
USART2_IRQn = 38, /*!< USART2 global Interrupt */
USART3_IRQn = 39, /*!< USART3 global Interrupt */
EXTI15_10_IRQn = 40, /*!< External Line[15:10] Interrupts */
RTCAlarm_IRQn = 41, /*!< RTC Alarm through EXTI Line Interrupt */
CEC_IRQn = 42, /*!< HDMI-CEC Interrupt */
TIM6_DAC_IRQn = 54, /*!< TIM6 and DAC underrun Interrupt */
TIM7_IRQn = 55 /*!< TIM7 Interrupt */
#endif /* STM32F10X_MD_VL */

#ifdef STM32F10X_HD
ADC1_2_IRQn = 18, /*!< ADC1 and ADC2 global Interrupt */
USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQn = 19, /*!< USB Device High Priority or CAN1 TX Interrupts */
USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQn = 20, /*!< USB Device Low Priority or CAN1 RX0 Interrupts */
CAN1_RX1_IRQn = 21, /*!< CAN1 RX1 Interrupt */
CAN1_SCE_IRQn = 22, /*!< CAN1 SCE Interrupt */
EXTI9_5_IRQn = 23, /*!< External Line[9:5] Interrupts */
TIM1_BRK_IRQn = 24, /*!< TIM1 Break Interrupt */
TIM1_UP_IRQn = 25, /*!< TIM1 Update Interrupt */
TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQn = 26, /*!< TIM1 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt */
TIM1_CC_IRQn = 27, /*!< TIM1 Capture Compare Interrupt */
TIM2_IRQn = 28, /*!< TIM2 global Interrupt */
TIM3_IRQn = 29, /*!< TIM3 global Interrupt */
TIM4_IRQn = 30, /*!< TIM4 global Interrupt */
I2C1_EV_IRQn = 31, /*!< I2C1 Event Interrupt */
I2C1_ER_IRQn = 32, /*!< I2C1 Error Interrupt */
I2C2_EV_IRQn = 33, /*!< I2C2 Event Interrupt */
I2C2_ER_IRQn = 34, /*!< I2C2 Error Interrupt */
SPI1_IRQn = 35, /*!< SPI1 global Interrupt */
SPI2_IRQn = 36, /*!< SPI2 global Interrupt */
USART1_IRQn = 37, /*!< USART1 global Interrupt */
USART2_IRQn = 38, /*!< USART2 global Interrupt */
USART3_IRQn = 39, /*!< USART3 global Interrupt */
EXTI15_10_IRQn = 40, /*!< External Line[15:10] Interrupts */
RTCAlarm_IRQn = 41, /*!< RTC Alarm through EXTI Line Interrupt */
USBWakeUp_IRQn = 42, /*!< USB Device WakeUp from suspend through EXTI Line Interrupt */
TIM8_BRK_IRQn = 43, /*!< TIM8 Break Interrupt */
TIM8_UP_IRQn = 44, /*!< TIM8 Update Interrupt */
TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQn = 45, /*!< TIM8 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt */
TIM8_CC_IRQn = 46, /*!< TIM8 Capture Compare Interrupt */
ADC3_IRQn = 47, /*!< ADC3 global Interrupt */
FSMC_IRQn = 48, /*!< FSMC global Interrupt */
SDIO_IRQn = 49, /*!< SDIO global Interrupt */
TIM5_IRQn = 50, /*!< TIM5 global Interrupt */
SPI3_IRQn = 51, /*!< SPI3 global Interrupt */
UART4_IRQn = 52, /*!< UART4 global Interrupt */
UART5_IRQn = 53, /*!< UART5 global Interrupt */
TIM6_IRQn = 54, /*!< TIM6 global Interrupt */
TIM7_IRQn = 55, /*!< TIM7 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel1_IRQn = 56, /*!< DMA2 Channel 1 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel2_IRQn = 57, /*!< DMA2 Channel 2 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel3_IRQn = 58, /*!< DMA2 Channel 3 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQn = 59 /*!< DMA2 Channel 4 and Channel 5 global Interrupt */
#endif /* STM32F10X_HD */

#ifdef STM32F10X_HD_VL
ADC1_IRQn = 18, /*!< ADC1 global Interrupt */
EXTI9_5_IRQn = 23, /*!< External Line[9:5] Interrupts */
TIM1_BRK_TIM15_IRQn = 24, /*!< TIM1 Break and TIM15 Interrupts */
TIM1_UP_TIM16_IRQn = 25, /*!< TIM1 Update and TIM16 Interrupts */
TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM17_IRQn = 26, /*!< TIM1 Trigger and Commutation and TIM17 Interrupt */
TIM1_CC_IRQn = 27, /*!< TIM1 Capture Compare Interrupt */
TIM2_IRQn = 28, /*!< TIM2 global Interrupt */
TIM3_IRQn = 29, /*!< TIM3 global Interrupt */
TIM4_IRQn = 30, /*!< TIM4 global Interrupt */
I2C1_EV_IRQn = 31, /*!< I2C1 Event Interrupt */
I2C1_ER_IRQn = 32, /*!< I2C1 Error Interrupt */
I2C2_EV_IRQn = 33, /*!< I2C2 Event Interrupt */
I2C2_ER_IRQn = 34, /*!< I2C2 Error Interrupt */
SPI1_IRQn = 35, /*!< SPI1 global Interrupt */
SPI2_IRQn = 36, /*!< SPI2 global Interrupt */
USART1_IRQn = 37, /*!< USART1 global Interrupt */
USART2_IRQn = 38, /*!< USART2 global Interrupt */
USART3_IRQn = 39, /*!< USART3 global Interrupt */
EXTI15_10_IRQn = 40, /*!< External Line[15:10] Interrupts */
RTCAlarm_IRQn = 41, /*!< RTC Alarm through EXTI Line Interrupt */
CEC_IRQn = 42, /*!< HDMI-CEC Interrupt */
TIM12_IRQn = 43, /*!< TIM12 global Interrupt */
TIM13_IRQn = 44, /*!< TIM13 global Interrupt */
TIM14_IRQn = 45, /*!< TIM14 global Interrupt */
TIM5_IRQn = 50, /*!< TIM5 global Interrupt */
SPI3_IRQn = 51, /*!< SPI3 global Interrupt */
UART4_IRQn = 52, /*!< UART4 global Interrupt */
UART5_IRQn = 53, /*!< UART5 global Interrupt */
TIM6_DAC_IRQn = 54, /*!< TIM6 and DAC underrun Interrupt */
TIM7_IRQn = 55, /*!< TIM7 Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel1_IRQn = 56, /*!< DMA2 Channel 1 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel2_IRQn = 57, /*!< DMA2 Channel 2 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel3_IRQn = 58, /*!< DMA2 Channel 3 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQn = 59, /*!< DMA2 Channel 4 and Channel 5 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel5_IRQn = 60 /*!< DMA2 Channel 5 global Interrupt (DMA2 Channel 5 is
mapped at position 60 only if the MISC_REMAP bit in
the AFIO_MAPR2 register is set) */
#endif /* STM32F10X_HD_VL */

#ifdef STM32F10X_XL
ADC1_2_IRQn = 18, /*!< ADC1 and ADC2 global Interrupt */
USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQn = 19, /*!< USB Device High Priority or CAN1 TX Interrupts */
USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQn = 20, /*!< USB Device Low Priority or CAN1 RX0 Interrupts */
CAN1_RX1_IRQn = 21, /*!< CAN1 RX1 Interrupt */
CAN1_SCE_IRQn = 22, /*!< CAN1 SCE Interrupt */
EXTI9_5_IRQn = 23, /*!< External Line[9:5] Interrupts */
TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQn = 24, /*!< TIM1 Break Interrupt and TIM9 global Interrupt */
TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQn = 25, /*!< TIM1 Update Interrupt and TIM10 global Interrupt */
TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQn = 26, /*!< TIM1 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt and TIM11 global interrupt */
TIM1_CC_IRQn = 27, /*!< TIM1 Capture Compare Interrupt */
TIM2_IRQn = 28, /*!< TIM2 global Interrupt */
TIM3_IRQn = 29, /*!< TIM3 global Interrupt */
TIM4_IRQn = 30, /*!< TIM4 global Interrupt */
I2C1_EV_IRQn = 31, /*!< I2C1 Event Interrupt */
I2C1_ER_IRQn = 32, /*!< I2C1 Error Interrupt */
I2C2_EV_IRQn = 33, /*!< I2C2 Event Interrupt */
I2C2_ER_IRQn = 34, /*!< I2C2 Error Interrupt */
SPI1_IRQn = 35, /*!< SPI1 global Interrupt */
SPI2_IRQn = 36, /*!< SPI2 global Interrupt */
USART1_IRQn = 37, /*!< USART1 global Interrupt */
USART2_IRQn = 38, /*!< USART2 global Interrupt */
USART3_IRQn = 39, /*!< USART3 global Interrupt */
EXTI15_10_IRQn = 40, /*!< External Line[15:10] Interrupts */
RTCAlarm_IRQn = 41, /*!< RTC Alarm through EXTI Line Interrupt */
USBWakeUp_IRQn = 42, /*!< USB Device WakeUp from suspend through EXTI Line Interrupt */
TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQn = 43, /*!< TIM8 Break Interrupt and TIM12 global Interrupt */
TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQn = 44, /*!< TIM8 Update Interrupt and TIM13 global Interrupt */
TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQn = 45, /*!< TIM8 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt and TIM14 global interrupt */
TIM8_CC_IRQn = 46, /*!< TIM8 Capture Compare Interrupt */
ADC3_IRQn = 47, /*!< ADC3 global Interrupt */
FSMC_IRQn = 48, /*!< FSMC global Interrupt */
SDIO_IRQn = 49, /*!< SDIO global Interrupt */
TIM5_IRQn = 50, /*!< TIM5 global Interrupt */
SPI3_IRQn = 51, /*!< SPI3 global Interrupt */
UART4_IRQn = 52, /*!< UART4 global Interrupt */
UART5_IRQn = 53, /*!< UART5 global Interrupt */
TIM6_IRQn = 54, /*!< TIM6 global Interrupt */
TIM7_IRQn = 55, /*!< TIM7 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel1_IRQn = 56, /*!< DMA2 Channel 1 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel2_IRQn = 57, /*!< DMA2 Channel 2 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel3_IRQn = 58, /*!< DMA2 Channel 3 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQn = 59 /*!< DMA2 Channel 4 and Channel 5 global Interrupt */
#endif /* STM32F10X_XL */

#ifdef STM32F10X_CL
ADC1_2_IRQn = 18, /*!< ADC1 and ADC2 global Interrupt */
CAN1_TX_IRQn = 19, /*!< USB Device High Priority or CAN1 TX Interrupts */
CAN1_RX0_IRQn = 20, /*!< USB Device Low Priority or CAN1 RX0 Interrupts */
CAN1_RX1_IRQn = 21, /*!< CAN1 RX1 Interrupt */
CAN1_SCE_IRQn = 22, /*!< CAN1 SCE Interrupt */
EXTI9_5_IRQn = 23, /*!< External Line[9:5] Interrupts */
TIM1_BRK_IRQn = 24, /*!< TIM1 Break Interrupt */
TIM1_UP_IRQn = 25, /*!< TIM1 Update Interrupt */
TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQn = 26, /*!< TIM1 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt */
TIM1_CC_IRQn = 27, /*!< TIM1 Capture Compare Interrupt */
TIM2_IRQn = 28, /*!< TIM2 global Interrupt */
TIM3_IRQn = 29, /*!< TIM3 global Interrupt */
TIM4_IRQn = 30, /*!< TIM4 global Interrupt */
I2C1_EV_IRQn = 31, /*!< I2C1 Event Interrupt */
I2C1_ER_IRQn = 32, /*!< I2C1 Error Interrupt */
I2C2_EV_IRQn = 33, /*!< I2C2 Event Interrupt */
I2C2_ER_IRQn = 34, /*!< I2C2 Error Interrupt */
SPI1_IRQn = 35, /*!< SPI1 global Interrupt */
SPI2_IRQn = 36, /*!< SPI2 global Interrupt */
USART1_IRQn = 37, /*!< USART1 global Interrupt */
USART2_IRQn = 38, /*!< USART2 global Interrupt */
USART3_IRQn = 39, /*!< USART3 global Interrupt */
EXTI15_10_IRQn = 40, /*!< External Line[15:10] Interrupts */
RTCAlarm_IRQn = 41, /*!< RTC Alarm through EXTI Line Interrupt */
OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQn = 42, /*!< USB OTG FS WakeUp from suspend through EXTI Line Interrupt */
TIM5_IRQn = 50, /*!< TIM5 global Interrupt */
SPI3_IRQn = 51, /*!< SPI3 global Interrupt */
UART4_IRQn = 52, /*!< UART4 global Interrupt */
UART5_IRQn = 53, /*!< UART5 global Interrupt */
TIM6_IRQn = 54, /*!< TIM6 global Interrupt */
TIM7_IRQn = 55, /*!< TIM7 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel1_IRQn = 56, /*!< DMA2 Channel 1 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel2_IRQn = 57, /*!< DMA2 Channel 2 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel3_IRQn = 58, /*!< DMA2 Channel 3 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel4_IRQn = 59, /*!< DMA2 Channel 4 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Channel5_IRQn = 60, /*!< DMA2 Channel 5 global Interrupt */
ETH_IRQn = 61, /*!< Ethernet global Interrupt */
ETH_WKUP_IRQn = 62, /*!< Ethernet Wakeup through EXTI line Interrupt */
CAN2_TX_IRQn = 63, /*!< CAN2 TX Interrupt */
CAN2_RX0_IRQn = 64, /*!< CAN2 RX0 Interrupt */
CAN2_RX1_IRQn = 65, /*!< CAN2 RX1 Interrupt */
CAN2_SCE_IRQn = 66, /*!< CAN2 SCE Interrupt */
OTG_FS_IRQn = 67 /*!< USB OTG FS global Interrupt */
#endif /* STM32F10X_CL */
} IRQn_Type;

中断函数

触发中断后，单片机会直接跑进中断函数里面。
具体跑进哪个函数里面取决于上面配置的NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel也就是中断通道
中断函数有（仅供参考，芯片不同其实也不同，具体去类似startup_stm32f10x_hd.s文件里面查）：

点击展开完整代码

DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ; Window Watchdog
DCD PVD_IRQHandler ; PVD through EXTI Line detect
DCD TAMPER_IRQHandler ; Tamper
DCD RTC_IRQHandler ; RTC
DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ; Flash
DCD RCC_IRQHandler ; RCC
DCD EXTI0_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 0
DCD EXTI1_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 1
DCD EXTI2_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 2
DCD EXTI3_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 3
DCD EXTI4_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 4
DCD DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 1
DCD DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 2
DCD DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 3
DCD DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 4
DCD DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 5
DCD DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 6
DCD DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 7
DCD ADC1_2_IRQHandler ; ADC1_2
DCD USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler ; USB High Priority or CAN1 TX
DCD USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler ; USB Low Priority or CAN1 RX0
DCD CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN1 RX1
DCD CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN1 SCE
DCD EXTI9_5_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 9..5
DCD TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Break
DCD TIM1_UP_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Update
DCD TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation
DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Capture Compare
DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ; TIM2
DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ; TIM3
DCD TIM4_IRQHandler ; TIM4
DCD I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Event
DCD I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Error
DCD I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Event
DCD I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Error
DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ; SPI1
DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ; SPI2
DCD USART1_IRQHandler ; USART1
DCD USART2_IRQHandler ; USART2
DCD USART3_IRQHandler ; USART3
DCD EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 15..10
DCD RTCAlarm_IRQHandler ; RTC Alarm through EXTI Line
DCD USBWakeUp_IRQHandler

检测中断标志位

1
ITStatus EXTI_GetITStatus(uint32_t EXTI_Line)
参数 数据类型 作用 选项
uint32_t EXTI_Line uint32_t 你要检测的中断线编号 初始化NVIC
返回值 ITStatus 判断有无触发中断 RESET// 0 → 无中断触发SET// 1 → 有中断触发

清除中断标志位

1
void EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(uint32_t EXTI_Line)
参数 数据类型 作用 选项
uint32_t EXTI_Line uint32_t 你要清除的中断位 EXTI_Line0 //对应所有GPIO的Pin0
EXTI_Line1 //对应所有GPIO的Pin1
…
EXTI_Line14 //对应所有GPIO的Pin14
EXTI_Line15 //对应所有GPIO的Pin15
返回值 无 无 无

参考代码

[CountSensor.c]
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#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header


void Delay_ms_Interrupt(uint32_t ms);
	
void CountSensor_Init(void)
{
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;//初始化gpio
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_14;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB, GPIO_PinSource14);//配置afio的数据选择GPIO作为中断源
	//配置exti
	EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;
	EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line = EXTI_Line14;//配置中断线EXTI_LineX  x=0 — 15
	EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE;//是否开启
	EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;//EXTI_Mode_Interrupt = 0x00中断模式, EXTI_Mode_Event = 0x04事件模式
	EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Falling;//  EXTI_Trigger_Rising = 0x08 上升沿触发, EXTI_Trigger_Falling = 0x0C下降沿触发,  EXTI_Trigger_Rising_Falling = 0x10边沿触发
	EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);
	//配置nvic
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);//nvic分组 具体查看nvic.txt
	
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI15_10_IRQn;//查看README.txt 选择EXTI通道
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;//是否开启
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;//抢占优先级
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;//响应优先级
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
}

[CountSensor.h]
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#ifndef __COUNT_SENSOR_H
#define __COUNT_SENSOR_H

void CountSensor_Init(void);

#endif

[main.c]
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#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "CountSensor.h"      

int a=0;
void Delay_ms_Interrupt(uint32_t ms);

int main(void)
{
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOC, ENABLE);
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_13;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	GPIO_SetBits(GPIOC, GPIO_Pin_13);
	CountSensor_Init();//初始化中断
	while (1)
	{
     if(a==1)
     {
       Delay_ms_Interrupt(500);
      if(a==1)
       {GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOC, GPIO_Pin_13, (BitAction)!GPIO_ReadOutputDataBit(GPIOC, GPIO_Pin_13));//翻转
       a=0;}
     }
	}
}
void EXTI15_10_IRQHandler(void)//中断函数是固定的，请参考中断向量表.txt选择中断函数
{
	if (EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line14) == SET)//判断是不是exti14进来的
	{
		/*如果出现数据乱跳的现象，可再次判断引脚电平，以避免抖动*/
		
		if (GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_14) == 0)
		{
			a=1;
		}
		EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line14);//清除中断标志位
	}
}

void Delay_ms_Interrupt(uint32_t ms)//其实不建议这样，因为中断期间测不准
{
    uint32_t i, j;
    for(i = ms; i > 0; i--)
        for(j = 7200; j > 0; j--);
}

效果：

当PB14接按键（按键接地）
每按下一次PC13就会翻转

工程下载: